the types of …

in terms of …

with reference to …

this formula allows us to …

We defined … as …

By … we mean …

By … is meant …

… is defined as …

… can be defined as …

… is or are often defined as …

… are defined in this study as follows:

… can be characterized US and GB or characterised GB as …

… can be formulated as follows:

… denotes …

… represents

… is representative of …

…, which is or are represented here by or as …

… can be written as …

… are classified as …

… can be classified as either … or …

… can be classified by … into two, several etc. categories

… can be categorized US and GB or categorised GB as …

… can be specified as follows:

… can be grouped into a number of different types:

… derives from …

… is derived from …

… are labelled GB or labeled US as …

we can label this …

… can perhaps be termed …

… satisfies the definition of … as …

… accounts for …

… are exclusively …

… is primarily …

… should essentially be viewed as …

Rules and laws

as a rule

a general rule

a rule of thumb

the rules that govern …

according to X’s Law

… is said to be … when or if …

If …, then … is said to be …

in principle

a basic tenet of …

… is based on the principle of …

according to the guidelines laid down by …

an important or a fundamental principle that underlies …

violation of this principle results in or would mean that …

Use and reference

in the sense of or that …

in the context of …

in effect

de facto

The terms … are used as …

in the sense described or discussed above

In this study, the term … refers to …

In this paper, the term … will be used to refer to …

In this study, … designates …

In its strictest sense, the term … denotes …

a narrow definition of …

The term … is used here in a somewhat restricted sense

This can be expressed in terms of …

… can be expressed as follows:

… is taken here to include …

… of a given type

… also falls into this category

… may well also fall into this category

… known collectively as …

in more general terms

Broadly speaking, …

In its most general sense, … refers to …

… is used here as an umbrella term

This enables various types of … to be grouped under one heading.

… can be subsumed under the heading …

This definition can also be applied to …

The definition of … overlaps with …

to extend the definition of … to include …

If … is viewed or defined as …, then …

this definition allows us to speak of …

… is used as a convenient shorthand for …

a convenient abbreviation for or of …

in other words

Other possible terms are …

An alternative definition of or for … is …

An alternative way of representing … is …

… is another way of saying …

in lay terms

to use a term loosely

for want of a better term

This can be labelled GB or labeled US, for want of a better term, as …

This definition hinges on …

Next: Following others’ definitions

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