the types of …
in terms of …
with reference to …
this formula allows us to …
We defined … as …
By … we mean …
By … is meant …
… is defined as …
… can be defined as …
… is or are often defined as …
… are defined in this study as follows:
… can be characterized US and GB or characterised GB as …
… can be formulated as follows:
… denotes …
… represents
… is representative of …
…, which is or are represented here by or as …
… can be written as …
… are classified as …
… can be classified as either … or …
… can be classified by … into two, several etc. categories
… can be categorized US and GB or categorised GB as …
… can be specified as follows:
… can be grouped into a number of different types:
… derives from …
… is derived from …
… are labelled GB or labeled US as …
we can label this …
… can perhaps be termed …
… satisfies the definition of … as …
… accounts for …
… are exclusively …
… is primarily …
… should essentially be viewed as …
Rules and laws
as a rule
a general rule
a rule of thumb
the rules that govern …
according to X’s Law
… is said to be … when or if …
If …, then … is said to be …
in principle
a basic tenet of …
… is based on the principle of …
according to the guidelines laid down by …
an important or a fundamental principle that underlies …
violation of this principle results in or would mean that …
Use and reference
in the sense of or that …
in the context of …
in effect
de facto
The terms … are used as …
in the sense described or discussed above
In this study, the term … refers to …
In this paper, the term … will be used to refer to …
In this study, … designates …
In its strictest sense, the term … denotes …
a narrow definition of …
The term … is used here in a somewhat restricted sense
This can be expressed in terms of …
… can be expressed as follows:
… is taken here to include …
… of a given type
… also falls into this category
… may well also fall into this category
… known collectively as …
in more general terms
Broadly speaking, …
In its most general sense, … refers to …
… is used here as an umbrella term
This enables various types of … to be grouped under one heading.
… can be subsumed under the heading …
This definition can also be applied to …
The definition of … overlaps with …
to extend the definition of … to include …
If … is viewed or defined as …, then …
this definition allows us to speak of …
… is used as a convenient shorthand for …
a convenient abbreviation for or of …
in other words
Other possible terms are …
An alternative definition of or for … is …
An alternative way of representing … is …
… is another way of saying …
in lay terms
to use a term loosely
for want of a better term
This can be labelled GB or labeled US, for want of a better term, as …
This definition hinges on …
Next: Following others’ definitions
Next