Referring to other work

According to X, …

X states …

see X

see for example X and Y

see e.g. X

see X, and also Y

X believes that …

X notes that …

X observes that …

X shows that …

X adds that …

X makes the point that …

X puts the case for …

X documents …

As X states, …

As X puts it, …

as X explains:

…, as X points out

X describes this as …

as discussed by X and Y

as shown by X and Y

as has been shown by X and Y

as reported by X and colleagues

as demonstrated in the work by X

in a recent article by X

in a paper published in …

in her or his joint work with X

see the comments by X

In this article, X discusses …

X, in a study of …, argues …

X sees in … evidence for …

…, citing for example …

in a … survey of … by …

… was or were reported to have …

Following X, …

…, as defined by X

This follows X’s study on …

It seems best, following X, to …

We have previously shown …

We have shown in an earlier publication …

in the same study …

in a study of … cited by X

a study conducted in … showed that …

note for example the study or studies by X and Y

X (personal communication)

X (forthcoming)

X (in press)

originally published in …

X (unpublished data)

Figure courtesy of A. Smith.

X’s figure (after Shimizu et al. 2014) shows …