X’s study of …
X’s 2015 etc. paper on …
X’s 2015 etc. study, entitled …, examines etc. …
In a study of …, X …
X’s investigation of …
X’s discussion of …
X and Y examine …
X and Y examine or discuss in detail …
X analyses GB or analyzes US …
X’s study looks at …
X gives an overview of …
The authors discuss …
written from the standpoint of …
The title of the study, …, suggests that …
Topics covered or treated include …
The core of X’s argument is that …
the study or X touches on a number of points
one is immediately struck by …
the arguments are consistent with an approach that …
The study or their work, like that of …, is influenced by …
The basic contention of … is that …
a vigorous defence GB or defense US of …
X’s unorthodox approach
X avoids this difficulty by …
According to X and Y, …
The authors argue that …
X believes that …
In X’s view, …
X attributes … to …
X argues for …
X and Y propose that …
X’s argument that …
X advocates …
The authors point out that …
X comments on or that …
X’s observation that …
X explains … as …
X’s point that …
X compares … to …
The authors point to the …
X draws our attention to …
X is careful to point out that …
X is clearly aware of or that …
The author is clearly very familiar with …
The author demonstrates an intimate knowledge of …
X also recognizes US and GB or recognises GB …
…, as X states
…, as X indeed points out
…, as X makes clear
The following quote illustrates …
…, as the following quote illustrates:
… is especially evident
Typical comments by X are …
It is clear from these comments that …
From the text or article it is clear that …
One reading of this would be …
One interpretation of this would be …
Reading between the lines, …
It would be interesting to know or hear the author’s thoughts on …
a tacit assumption
An assumption, implicit in X’s argument, is …
X and Y found that …
X’s theory reveals …
X’s theory demonstrates …
X concludes from the data that …
The most interesting finding relates to …
It is interesting that …
Without wishing to take sides, …
to sit on the fence
X has gone some way towards …
X probably comes closest to …
X’s study raises a number of important issues
The issues raised by X warrant further discussion
The work challenges the assumption of or that …
X’s study or work departs radically from current thinking on …
Clearly, if X’s theory is correct, then …
Although some have argued …,
significant differences exist or remain between … and …
In contrast to …, X sees the reason for …
X’s theory or explanation is perhaps preferable to Y’s in that it …
X and Y suggest instead that …
X’s theory is most plausible with regard to …
X is clearly aware of the difficulties involved in …
X rejects the view or idea that …
X seeks to justify …
X justifies this by …
On the strength of this evidence, X argues that …
X stops short of …
X admits, however, that …
X acknowledges that …
X concedes that …
Overall, …
On balance, …
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